Short Summary
Pericles was a prominent and influential statesman, orator, and general of Athens during its Golden Age. He is best known for his leadership during the first two years of the Peloponnesian War and for his role in the development of Athenian democracy and the empire. Under his leadership, Athens underwent a cultural and political renaissance, leaving a lasting legacy on Western civilization. His era is often referred to as the "Age of Pericles," highlighting his significance in history.
Early Life & Education
Pericles was born around 495 BC into an aristocratic family in Athens. His father, Xanthippus, was a notable politician and military leader, and his mother, Agariste, came from the influential Alcmaeonid family. Raised in an environment that valued education and civic responsibility, Pericles received an education in music and philosophy, studying under the guidance of prominent figures such as Damon and the philosopher Anaxagoras. These early influences played a crucial role in shaping his intellectual development and his subsequent political career.
Career Highlights
Pericles began his political career in the 460s BC, quickly rising to prominence due to his eloquence and strategic acumen. He became a leading figure in Athenian politics, serving as a general (strategos) for many years. His tenure saw the expansion of the Athenian empire and the strengthening of democracy, marked by reforms that increased the power of the assembly and the judiciary. Pericles oversaw the construction of the Parthenon and other significant architectural projects, which symbolized the prosperity and cultural achievements of Athens during his leadership.
Major Achievements
- Expanded Athenian democracy by introducing reforms that increased public participation in government.
- Led Athens during the early years of the Peloponnesian War, maintaining strong leadership despite challenges.
- Commissioned the construction of the Parthenon, a masterpiece of ancient architecture and art.
- Promoted arts and literature, fostering a cultural renaissance in Athens.
Famous Quotes
- "Time is the wisest counselor of all."
- "What you leave behind is not what is engraved in stone monuments, but what is woven into the lives of others."
Interesting Facts
- Pericles' leadership marked the height of Athenian power and cultural achievement.
- He was reelected as a general over 15 times, showcasing his enduring popularity and influence.
- Pericles' policy of naval expansion strengthened Athens' dominance in the Aegean Sea.
- He was known for his oratory skills, which greatly influenced Athenian public opinion.
Legacy / Influence
Pericles' influence on Athenian democracy and culture was profound, with his efforts laying the groundwork for what is now considered the foundation of Western civilization. His promotion of arts and education enriched Athenian society, and his political reforms strengthened democratic governance. The legacy of his leadership continues to be studied and admired, highlighting his role in shaping the ideals of democratic governance and cultural excellence.
FAQ
Q: Why is Pericles famous?
A: He is famous for his role as a statesman and general during Athens' Golden Age and for his contributions to democracy and culture.
Q: What were Pericles' main achievements?
A: His main achievements include expanding democracy, leading during the Peloponnesian War, and commissioning the Parthenon.
Q: What was Pericles' impact on Athens?
A: Pericles' impact included strengthening democracy, fostering cultural growth, and elevating Athens' status as a powerful city-state.
Q: How did Pericles influence Western civilization?
A: His leadership and reforms laid the groundwork for democratic principles and cultural advancements that influenced Western civilization.
